Perilla cultivation techniques

Perilla is a plant belonging to the genus Perilla, belonging to the genus Chisso, Red Su, Black Su, Red Perilla, and Perilla. Take stems, leaves and seeds as medicine. Perilla is a compound cross commodity that can be used medicinally, is commonly used in clinical medicine, and can be eaten. The drug situation is known as the stem purple stem, the leaf is also known as the Soviet Union, the solution table, the child is also known as Suzi, black Suzi, red Suzi, is an important component of Suzijiangqi Decoction. It is cultivated all over the country and there are wilderness in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. Seen in the village or beside the road.

First, plant characteristics

Perennial herbaceous plant Perilla is 60-180 cm tall and has a specific fragrance. Stems are prismatic, purple, greenish purple or green, densely purple or white villous. Leaves opposite long handle, leaf blade wrinkled, petiole length 2.5-12 cm, width 4.5-16 cm, base rounded or broadly wedge-shaped, tip acuminate or caudate-pointed, margins coarsely serrate, simple leaves opposite, blade broad Oval or ovate, apex cuspidate or acuminate, margin coarsely serrate, purple on both sides, or green surface, purple on the back. Racemes, terminal or axillary, flowers pale purple or reddish, calyx campanulate. Nutlets obovate, gray-brown, seeds elliptic, minute. Flowering from June to July, fruiting period from July to September.

Second, the ecological characteristics

Perilla is highly adaptable, and it has strict requirements on soil, good drainage, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, rear houses, ditched ground, and fertile soil. It grows well. Former crops are good for vegetables. Young trees can be planted under young trees. Perilla has strong adaptability to climatic conditions, but it thrives in a warm and humid environment with high yields. The soil is sparsely orange, fertile, and convenient for drainage and irrigation. Poor growth on sticky or dry, thin sandy soils. The former is best served with wheat and vegetables, and the perilla needs plenty of sunlight, so it can be planted on the edge of the farmland or ridges to make full use of the land and light. The optimum temperature for seed germination is about 25°C, and it can germinate within 3 to 4 days under suitable humidity conditions. The temperature needed to germinate B. cereus seeds is low, and germination can be achieved at 15-18°C. Chrysanthemum is a short-lived seed, and the germination rate drops sharply after storage for 1 to 2 years at room temperature. Therefore, the seeds should be stored at a low temperature after harvesting. Perilla growth requires a higher temperature, so the early growth is slow. After June, the temperature is high, the light is strong, and the growth is strong. When the plant height is 15 to 20 cm, sprouts sprout from the first pair of leaves of the base and start the growth of lateral branches. Flowering gradually after the end of July. About 1 month from flowering to seed maturation. Flowering from July to August, fruiting period from August to September.

III. Varieties and Species of Perilla Leaves

Basil leaf products are often divided into two types according to the source of the traits:

Red Perilla: Also known as Su Ye, a cultivated product, it is the mainstream of products. Its leaves are often wrinkled and curled, often broken. The complete leaves are oval, 5 to 12 cm in length, and 4 to 8.5 cm in width. The tips of the leaves are sharp, the edges are serrated, the base is wide-wedge and has petiole. The leaves on both sides of the purple or green on the surface, the lower surface of the purple or purple, the leaves above the gray hair thin, crisp and fragile, aromatic, slightly spicy.

Chrysanthemum: also known as wild Su Ye, mostly wild products. It differs from red shiso in that the leaves are smaller, the leaf shape is acuminate, and both sides of the leaves are green or grayish green, grayish white hairs, slight gas, but with a green grassy taste.

Fourth, planting and cultivation

1. Selection of land and site preparation. It is better to plant loam with sufficient sunshine, convenient drainage and irrigation, and loose fertility. Apply 2000-3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per acre as base fertilizer, plowing, boring and leveling, and make an 80-100 cm wide raft.

2. Breeding methods. Breed with seeds, live or nursery transplants.

(1) Live broadcast. From mid-March to mid-April, a shallow ditch of 0.5-1 cm in distance between 50-60 centimeters is placed on the entire raft. Hole sowing by hole 30 cm 50 cm open hole. When sowed, mix the seeds with fine sips, spread them evenly into the ditch (holes), cover the thin soil, and suppress them slightly. Use 1 kilogram of seed per acre. 5-7 days after sowing can emerge.

(2) transplanting seedlings. Seed beds should be selected to warm sunny place, enough base fertilizer, and with the appropriate amount of superphosphate, in April first irrigated, then sowing, cover fine soil about 1 cm. If the temperature is low, the plastic film can be covered and the seedlings can be removed after unearthing. Seedling height 5-6 cm seedlings, seedling height 15-20 centimeters, select the rainy day or the afternoon, according to plant spacing 50 cm 60 cm transplanted in the field, timely watering 1-2 times after planting, you can survive.

3. Field management

(1) Miaomiao and Miao Miao. Seed drillers, seedlings about 10 cm high, according to planting 30 cm from the seedlings; hole seeding, leaving 1-2 per hole. If there is a lack of seedlings, it should be supplemented. Seedlings transplanted, 7-10 days after planting, if any dead seedlings, they should also promptly make up the seedlings.

(2) Weeding and weeding. Before closing the line, we must often cultivator weeding, watering or after the rain as soil compaction, it should also be timely soil.

(3) Dressing. When the seedling height is 60 cm, 1,500 kg of human and animal manure is applied per acre, and 15 kg of urea is applied. After the application, the soil is watered.

(4) irrigation and drainage. Seedlings and flowering require more water, and should be watered in time when drought occurs. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.

V. Perilla harvesting and processing

Harvest

The results of volatile oil content determination in different harvest periods showed that the volatile oil of Perilla frutescens increased gradually from May to September, and began to decline again in October. The highest content period was September, which was 0.22% and 0.16%, respectively. Therefore, September is a suitable harvest period. The Soviet Union, Su Terrier, Su Su both the general Soviet Union in general from September to October, and other seeds matured after the election of sunny whole plant cut back transport processing.

2. Processing

After the basil is taken back, it is spread on the ground or hangs in a ventilated place to dry. After drying, the leaves are bundled and called the whole Soviet Union. If the leaves are removed and the broken branches and debris are picked up, it is the Suye; the seed is shaken and is Su The rest of the stem branches are Su. In some areas, the whole plant is cut off when the perilla is harvested before flowering, and the whole plant is cut off, and the lower thick stem is used as a medicine; the perilla is harvested, and the lower part of the plant is not used as a thick stem. , known as the old Soviet Terrier. After harvesting the whole grass, remove the leafless stems, and spread the leaves to the sun for one day. After drying for a day, 125 kg of leaves can generally be 0.2-0.25 kg of Perilla Oil.